Previous (Local units)   |   Start   |   Next (Central heating and cooling system)

What input is needed?

Extra energy and losses

In order to determine the total energy demand of a building, all energy-consuming processes must be described in the model. These include the following:

Domestic hot water

The domestic hot water use can be defined on either building or zone level or both. It can be defined in one of the following units:

• L of a certain temperature* / occupant** and day
• L of a certain temperature* / m² and day
• L of a certain temperature* / m² and year
• m³ of a certain temperature* / day
• m³ of a certain temperature* / m² floor area and year
• kWh/m² floor area and year
• kWh/year

* Both incoming cold water temperature as temperature of the used hot water are to be given
** Number of occupants is to be given

If the distribution of domestic hot water use over a day or a year is important, this distribution can and should also be given and considered.

Distribution losses

From the distribution systems of domestic hot water, room heating, room cooling and/or ventilation air, heat (or cold) can get lost. As these distribution systems are not modelled in detail, these distribution losses can be given in s simplified way by defining the loss power. This loss power can be defined in one of the follwoing units:

• W/m² floor area for domestic hot water
• W/m² floor area or % of delivered power for heating and for cooling
• W/m² floor area at a temperature difference of 7 °C between duct air and zone air

Only a part of these distribution losses is really lost. A percentage to be defined at the building level is deposited in the zones, with the distribution among the zones being proportional to their floor area.

Other energy end uses

Any other energy consumption of a building that is not a part of the simulation model (e.g. electricity for the elevator, outdoor lighting, or heat for heating gutters, access roads, etc.) can be added with a nominal power and a yearly usage profile.

Previous (Local units)   |   Start   |   Next (Central heating and cooling system)